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Each ureter is a small tube, about 25 cm long, that carries urine
from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder. It descends from the
renal pelvis, along the posterior abdominal wall, behind the parietal
peritoneum, and enters the urinary bladder on the posterior inferior
surface.
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The wall of the ureter consists of three layers.
The outer layer, the fibrous coat, is a supporting layer of
fibrous connective tissue. The middle layer, the muscular
coat, consists of inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth
muscle. The main function of this layer is peristalsis to
propel the urine. The inner layer, the mucosa, is transitional
epithelium that is continuous with the lining of the renal
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pelvis and the urinary bladder. This layer secretes mucus which coats
and protects the surface of the cells.
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