X-Rays

Chest x-ray is a simple method of detecting lung cancers or lesions metastatic to the lung from other primary cancer sites. It can show the tumor size, location, obstruction, pleural effusion, or invasion of adjacent structures

Mammography is used to diagnose abnormalities in the breast. It is useful in localizing suspicious nonpalpable lesions. The area of concern is visualized, the radiologist injects dye or inserts a special hookwire needle into the suspicious area which enables the surgeon to excise the abnormal area

Barium enema is most common x-ray used for the diagnosis of colon cancer using a barium solution

Upper GI series is useful in diagnosing lesions of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder) is a common radiological exam used in the study of the urinary tract to examine the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

The intravenous pyelogram (IVP), the retrograde urogram are x-ray studies that can determine the size of tumors of the urinary tract.

An angiogram is an x-ray study of the vascular system that is used to diagnose some cancers. A cerebral angiogram helps define the blood supply to brain lesions. Lymphangiograms are useful in the study of vessels of the lymphatic system. They were widely used as a staging workshop for lymphomas before the widespread availability of CT and MRI scanning.

Updated: March 4, 2024