Surgery

Hormone manipulation surgeries

Removing a gland to change the hormonal balance of the body.

Orchiectomy

Surgical removal of the testes to control testosterone production (testosterone typically feeds the prostate tumor).

Key:
X = complete
* = partial
o = optional

Tissues Removed
  Prostate Lymph Nodes Ducts Sem. vesicles Bladder Other organs
Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) only *        
Cryoprostatectomy only *        
Local excision of lesion *        
Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) with lymph node dissection * X      
Cryoprostatectomy with lymph node dissection * X      
Local excision of prostate lesion with lymph node dissection * X      
Segmental resection of prostate only (prostatic capsule remains intact) *        
Subtotal/simple prostatectomy only (prostatic capsule remains intact) X        
Enucleation of prostate only (prostatic capsule remains intact) X        
Segmental resection of prostate with node dissection (prostatic capsule remains intact) * X      
Subtotal/simple prostatectomy with node dissection (prostatic capsule remains intact) X X      
Enucleation of prostate with node dissection (prostatic capsule remains intact) X X      
Radical/total prostatectomy only X X      
Radical/total prostatectomy with node dissection X X X    
Cystoprostatectomy, radical cystectomy with/without node dissection X X o X X
Pelvic exenteration X X X X X
Surgery of regional/distant sites/nodes only         X

Note 1: Transurethral resection prostate (TURP) is a procedure used primarily to relieve bladder outlet obstruction symptoms and evaluate the urethral passage. It is generally not considered to be adequate cancer-directed therapy except in very low stage disease; it is usually considered a diagnostic procedure.

Note 2: Radical prostatectomy includes removal of prostate, ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles.