Review: Introduction to Cervical Cancer
Here is what we have learned from Introduction to Cervical Cancer:
- Cervical cancer occurs when normal cells in the cervix change into cancer cells.
- Each year, about 15,000 women in the United States learn that they have cancer of the cervix.
- Abnormal changes in cells on the cervix are the first step in a series of slow changes that can lead to cancer years later.
- Squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is a general term for the abnormal growth of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix.
- SIL can be divided into two categories:
- Low-grade SIL: early changes in the size, shape, and number of cells that form the surface of the cervix.
- High-grade SIL: there are a large number of precancerous cells;they look very different from normal cells.
- Risk factors for cervical cancer, among others, include:
- Relationship to sexual intercourse
- Venereal diseases
- Race—incidence higher in blacks and Hispanics
- Low socioeconomic status
- Poor genital hygiene
- Cigarette smoking
- Peak incidence over 40 years
- Signs and symptoms include:
- Post-coital or unexplained vaginal spotting or bleeding
- Persistent vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain
- Adenocarcinomas of the cervix have a worse prognosis than squamous cell cancers. Like all cancers, cancer of the cervix is much more likely to be cured if it is detected early and treated immediately.