Risk Factors
Cervical cancer begins with abnormal changes in the cervical tissue. The risk of developing these abnormal changes has been associated with the following factors:
- Relationship to sexual intercourse
- Many partners during lifetime
- Frequent intercourse
- Early onset of sexual activity
- First pregnancy in teenage years
- Multiparity (several children) by mid 20s
- Venereal diseases
- Genital herpes (Herpes Simplex Virus type 2—HSV-2)
- Human papilloma virus (HPV)
- Race: incidence higher in blacks and Hispanics
- Low socioeconomic status
- Poor genital hygiene
- Cigarette smoking
- Peak incidence over 40 years